Jackpot for Reliance, Key defense deals Signed with Russia

Jackpot for Reliance, Key defense deals Signed with Russia

    The Recent Indo Russian meet could be a very successful for Reliance, who signed number of memorandum's with Russian defense giants which include Russian shipbuilder cooperation USC and it's export Agent Rosboronexport, Reliance also signed another mega deal with Russian air defense missile maker Almaz Antey who produces the small Tor missile systems to the long range S 400 missiles. The total contract agreement could reach more than some $10 billions. Which is one of the biggest military deal signed with Private company.

     The new Indian government's agenda is produce almost every Military hardware's in India with foreign co operation. The major aspect is bringing private firms in defense sector to produce those hardware's then buy from local vendor. Many of the Indian Private companies like Reliance, TATA and L&T signed many contracts with number of foreign companies. Some of them move with western military industry. Where Reliance keep with Russians as bigger market with less margin.

     The recent PM visit to Russia accompanied by many Reliance officials. Reliance in negotiations with many Russian companies since last one year. The private companies won't waste time unlike government, One year of hard work gives better results to Reliance. It's reported many times here in the blog that Reliance officials camped in Russia to talk with Russian shipbuilders to build warships and maintaining older warships in Russian shipyard.

  

  First deal signed with the Russian shipbuilder United Shipbuilding Cooperation, The USC has entirely controlled by the Russian government, Having three major ship building and maintenance centers in Russia. Most of the Russian warships and Submarines are built in those shipyards only, Another contract signed with Rosboronexport for exporting and maintaining contract of Russian built warships.

     The estimated deal value of the above contract is more than billions of dollars. Reliance look to gain profit of some $10 billions within next fifteen years. The actual contract period is fifteen years. The signed contract is about to be

1. Modernizing all Russian Built Indian Navy ships under Reliance facility

2. Refitment of  all Russian Built Indian Navy ships under Reliance facility

3. Building more Talwar class frigates

4. Building Landing Platfrom Docks for Indian Navy

5. Construction of Missile Boats and Shallow water ASW Craft

     Reliance confirms the first two works should be carried out in Reliance shipyard only, For the others Reliance will compete with Indian PSU's. Reliance bought Pipavav shipyard in Gujarat. The Reliance maritime missions spearheaded by Ex Indian Navy vice admiral H.S Malhi.

     Reliance gets another good contract with the Russian air defense missile company Almaz Antey. who is also a Russian state owned company. Most of the Russian air defense systems are built by Almaz Antey only. S 125, S 300 and S 400 are good examples for that. The Russian government agreed with the Almaz Antey and the Reliance defense to build missile defense systems Radars and modernize existing systems in India. The contract further allows the Reliance factory's to build and sell those systems to Indian Military and foreign countries.

    The deal mainly focus the need of Indian Military's modernization of existing missile defense batteries. The recent DAC meet confirmed the proposal of Air force's modernization of S 125 systems with new electronics. The work could be carried out by Reliance defense only. since they get the contract from Almaz Antey to upgrade works.

Tor M1 Air defense system

     Almaz Antey also confirmed Reliance's option of building Tor M 1 systems in India. Tor M1 is known as one of the best known stand alone air defense system. The Indian Army has a requirement of  QRSAM which will replace the older sterla system. The Tor M1 Production option gives good opportunity to Reliance. If Reliance secures the Army contract.

In future if India signs the S 400 deal, Reliance will built those S 400 systems to Indian Air force.

European Fincantieri joins with GRSE to build P 17 A Frigate

European Fincantieri joins with GRSE to build P 17 A Frigate

    Italian based Fincantieri joined with two Indian shipbuilders GRSE and MDL to build seven new modern stealth frigates for Indian Navy under P 17 A project. The project value estimated some six billion dollars to build seven frigates in two shipyards for parallel delivery. Four of the ships will be built in GRSE and three of them in MDL. Where Fincantieri assist design and development of the P 17 A project. 

    Fincantieri already had deepen ties with India Navy. Navy's Replenishment oil ships are built by Fincantieri. INS Deepak and INS Shakti is built by Fincantieri shipyards in Italy later delivered to Indian Navy. Fincantieri is one of the major shipbuilder in Europe along with DCNS and Navatia. Fincantieri is also a part of many European warship building along with merchant ships and cruisers too.

     Navy insists The P 17 A design must be stealth and identical to European warships. They were small in size modular designs  lesser in tonnage, However they should carry more punch than other compared Ships. Ships like Italian Caio Dulio has good capabilities like powerful phased array Radar's. Multiple new generation sensor and processing system. along with multiple missile systems.

     The P 17 A requirements also similar to that one. Indian Navy is new to AESA fixed radar's. Israeli MF STAR on the Kolkata is the first in series and Navy impressed in MF STAR's performance, So further interested in building more ships with MF STAR as main fire control radar. INS Vikrant Aircraft carrier and Vishakapaniam class destroyers also houses the same MF STAR Radar as primary. Navy also plans to install the MF STAR AESA in the P 17 A Ships too. Most of the Indian Naval ships uses Russian made Top Plate Radar as primary radar. Shivalik's, Talwar and Delhi class are good example. 

     The Ship will carry 16 Brahmos cruise missile as primary offensive and anti shipping role. The frigates are known as either Anti submarine or anti air warfare. In India most of the frigates comprises both capabilities. Frigates are generally used for escort duties. Holding less destruction power while carries more defensive missile systems. The Ship may carry one or two Naval artillery guns. Nowadays most Shipbuilders prefers dual artillery guns for low cost fire supports.

Modern 6000 Ton warship

     The Defensive system comprises most number of anti air missile systems. Which include long range short range and CIWS systems. Navy plans to install 32 Barak 8 long range air defense missile along with another 16 or 32 Maitri short range air defense missiles for quick reaction support. Both of them considered one of the best missile systems in the world. It's reported that the Maitri is based on the MICA air launched missile, who comes with both Radar and IR guided for better air interception.

    Navy once issued a Global RFI to buy upto eight CIWS system based on Sea Ram system. Who comes with RIM 116 missiles. Many CIWS systems comes with barreled 30mm cannons. It's believed Navy may add either Sea Ram missile system or the older AK 630 gun based CIWS system.

     Other equipment's like jammer's, Communication interceptor's, High frequency radio interceptor's and Electronic warfare suites also installed in the P 17 A ships. These systems are presents in all older Naval ships too. However the new ship comes with modern EW suites compared to the older one.

The Light Fremm Frigate

   The Anti submarine warfare suite consists of deadly RBU 6000 Rockets along with torpedo decoy systems to counter enemy submarines and torpedo's. The Frigates too comes with 533mm heavy weight torpedo tubes for anti submarine warfare. The Frigate will carry one sea hawk anti submarine helicopter for broader range of surveillance and reconnaissance.  That's also used for search and rescue missions.

     It's reported the government speed up project by allocating funds within next financial year to start the construction by 2017. With the delivery of first ship by 2019. Navy's revised plans indicates the all the seven ship's will be delivered before 2023.  

More Talwar Class Frigates for Indian Navy

More Talwar Class Frigates for Indian Navy

    Indian Navy plans to buy three more new Talwar class frigates from Russia through Reliance Defense, which was earlier planned for Russian Navy, those three ships are almost completed without having the engine/power plant, due to the Ukrainian issue, they denied to supply the Zorya gas turbine engines to Russia, So Russia has no plans either scrap the Ships or transfer to Friendly country's who maintain peace with both Russia and Ukraine, Earlier Russia openly offered the Ships to India, however Navy plans for future induction with P 17 A project.

   The Indian Private player Reliance defense, plans to buy the Ships from Russia and Engines from Ukraine to integrate both in his own shipyard Pipavav Ship building, which is partially owned by Reliance defense, It's believed either India or some other Navy would buy the Ship from Reliance, the price also comes very cheap, because of zero interests from foreign Navy's, Those Russian frigates are much complicated to operate, need huge maintenance costs, however Indian Navy has no problems since it operates six Talwar class frigates, Navy already modernized the Ships for their needs by adding Brahmos and AK 630 missile systems.

    Compared to the Older Talwar Frigates, the new frigates comes with vertical launching Shtil Missiles, the older Talwar class comes with arm launching Shtil missiles, which can launch one missile every 10+ seconds only, however the VLS allows multiple missile launch in quick time to engage multiple threats simultaneously, the Talwar class comes with two AK 630 for close defense system, some of the Indian Talwars have two Khastan based CIWS for last line of defense, India already moved or inked a contract with Russia to upgrade all existing Arm based Shtil missiles into Vertical launch mechanism.

    The Russian Talwars comes with Klub supersonic anti shipping cruise missiles, which is a drawback, where Navy plans to use the Brahmos missiles in all of it's Navy Ships in coming days, that's the major reason why Navy earlier rejected it, the Klub missiles used by earlier variants of Indian Talwars too, however the same was replaced with Brahmos in last three Talwars, the Ships can fire those anti shipping missile through it's vertical launchers for saturation attacks,

     The Frigates major mission is escort other naval vessels and aircraft carrier, so the Frigate could comes with decent anti air capability's and anti submarine capabilities, the Ship has the Shtil and AK 630 for Anti air missions, However it's not considered best in modern battlefield, since the scenario  changed with more variety of anti missiles systems, like Long Range Missiles, Short range quick reaction missiles, and CIWS support, India yet to comes in the best category, while the P 15 B class destroyers were comes with such capacities comprising Barak Long range missile, Maitri Short range missile and AK 630 or Phalnx for CIWS support.

   The Talwar's anti submarine capability, comes with variety of options, the whole system known as RPK 8, which includes RBU series of Rocket launchers, Talwar uses twin RBU 6000 launchers, each comes with 12 barrels, the Rocket launchers can launch anti submarine rockets which can detonate under the sea, the tested depth is somewhere near to 1000 meters, with having the range of some 4 kilometers, which is a much safer distance to engage a maneuvering Submarine, the same launcher can also drop depth charges triggered with time or depth, The Talwar can also fire heavy 533 mm Torpedo's, each Talwar comes with four launchers,

    Talwar comes with main Sonar in the Bow, and also carries towed sonar array's to search submarines from stand off distance, the entire system controlled by one finger with the use of Granit designed Purga fire control system, which gives a ultimate edge to the Talwars class frigates in anti submarine fighting capability, the Ship also can carry and coordinate with Ka 28 anti submarine helicopter, which can increase the range of Ship's ASW capability, the same methods are used in almost all front line Naval destroyers and  frigates,

    The Indian Navy has a plan to operate three dedicated Carrier Battle Group and four Amphibious assault group by 2030, the vision already set to achieve the Blue water capability, each of the Battle groups comprises three Destroyers, five frigates/corvette along with two or more Nuclear or Diesel electric submarines, along with support ships, the Navy has three Kolkata Class destroyers, four Vizag class Destroyers, and three Delhi class Destroyers, Navy need 12 more Modern Destroyers before 2030, also in Frigates and Corvette's Navy operates and Building some Six P 17 A class, Six plus three Talwar frigates, three Shivalik's and three Brahmaputra's, and four Komarta class corvette's, and Navy need another ten frigates to achieve the goal.

   Many sources from Navy quoting that Navy might buy those Ships comes via Reliance, however even if the Navy or government denies the Acquisition, Reliance can sell those ships to foreign countries which gives them high profit, It's a good chance to Navy they might buy those Talwar's. 

More Talwars Class Frigates for Indian Navy

More Talwars Class Frigates for Indian Navy

    The Indian Navy plans to Build three more improved Talwar Class frigates, India currently operates two versions of Six Talwar class frigates, first three having Klub Anti Shipping missiles and later three Ships with the Brahmos Cruise missile instead of the Klub missiles, all the six were Built in the Russian Shipyards and Transferred to Indian Navy,

    Later India plans to build more advanced Multi role Frigates in Indian Shipyard comprising advanced western and Israeli sensors and Missile system. under the Project P 17 India plans to build three Shivalik class Frigates, all three were build in Indian Shipyard MDL, and inducted in the Navy later years, For Future plans India plans to build more advanced fully stealth Frigates under the P 17 A project, the planning and Construction will starts coming 2017, under this project India plans to build six new frigates.

    But Recently some media quoted that Russia plans to send three of their last three Admiral Grigorovich class frigates same like Talwar class frigates, the Reason is most of the Russian ships works on the Ukrainian based engines, some Indian Ships too. due to the Ukrainian Crisis the Ukrainian companies refused to supply  the Engines to the Russian ships, but there is no Problems with the Indian Ukrainian relationship, so Russia plans to send it's non powered Ships to Indian Shipyards, where India orders Engines from Ukraine and Fit in the Russian Ships, then transfer to Russian Navy, that was the Original Russian sources mentioned.

    But later It's believed India Plans to buy those non engine but completed, last three Admiral Grigorovich class frigate, also some reports mentions Navy wants those Ships should be Build in India, Here the twist Happens. that looks like the same what Russia plans how to get Ukrainian Engines  via India, because if India wants to build a new Frigates they must go with new improved design or the Current Shivalik design, But why India goes for older Talwar Class.

    Actually Frigates mainly used in escort purpose, Frigates comes with good numbers of Anti air missiles, and Anti sub elements, But nowadays most Frigates comes with AShM too, makes them Multi-role, most Indian Frigates are multi-role, they can conduct all kind of Offensive and defensive mission, But mainly anti air warfare is the important role of Frigates.

     The Older Indian Talwar class frigates comes with arm launching Shtil Missiles, ranging upto some 45 kilometers guided by Radar homing, bit older Technology, It can intercept fighters but not good for intercepting Sea skimming missiles. also it's not capable to Ripple laughing the missiles, the shtil launcher has 24 ready to fire missile in it's magazine, but it loaded like a older Gun. means once the  first missile fired, then second one loaded from the magazines, which takes atleast 10 to 30 seconds, where fast moving Fighter Jets and cruise missile completes it mission less than 30 seconds.

   and those Talwars comes with Kashtan CIWS systems, Two such CIWS fitted in the Frigates, which has two to four ready to launch QR SAM's and twin 30mm cannon, one of the best CIWS available in the Globe.

    The same goes for  Indian Talwars, and Indian Navy knows the Shtil won't give proper defense to the Frigates,

   Also Indian Navy upgraded the last three Frigates by adding Brahmos cruise missiles, makes the frigates more effective in Anti Shipping and Land attack role.

    India knows about the incapable arm launchers in Talwars, so they planned to add good Short Range missiles and found the Israeli made Barak 1 short range VLS, the missile is very good by intercepting low flying sea skimming anti shipping missiles, the Shivalik's comes with 32 Barak 1 VLS missile launchers, that can intercept multiple targets in same time. But the Shivalik uses the same Shtil arm launcher for long range interception.

    With the lessons, India plans to add Long range SAM missiles from VLS. hence the Kolkata and Future ships employs the Barak 8 long range anti missile system, the same would be added in future P 17 A frigates.

    But what Russians did with it's future Frigates, they plans to use the Shtil from VLS tubes, those new Admiral Grigorovich class frigates comes with 32 Shtil missiles in it's VLS launcher as Ready to fire mode. and India also has plans to replace those arm launching systems into more capable multiple launching Vertical launching systems.

    So those Three additional frigates looks like a Game of Russia,it's by two possible reason, may be they plans to get the Ukrainian engines via India, otherwise sell those underpowered  Frigates to India, So India should understand the Russian game plan before going into the deal with the INS Vikramaditya deal in mind.

DAC Meet July 2015

DAC Meet July 2015

      

      The Defense Acquisition council Chaired by Defense Minister Parikar cleared more than $4 billion worth of defense equipments suggested by Navy, Air force and Army, as same as  previous Meets  this time too Navy gets more amount, by spending much money to buy another batch of P 81 Neptune from Boeing USA, also deals include Survey vessels too cleared, all these cleared deals will be sent towards the CCS- Cabinet Committee on Security for making Contracts if Finance ministry agrees to fund such Programs.

P 8 I for Navy

    As details emerged earlier about the additional number of P 8 Purchase, the DAC clears navy's proposal of buying four more P 8I maritime as second batch, the Navy required nearly 24 such long range multi mission ASW Aircrafts to monitor the long sea shores from both Chinese and Pakistani underwater and surface threats, as per plans the Navy bought 8 P -8 I from US company Boeing, a derivative version of US Navy's P 8 Poseidon, Boeing delivers all the 8 ordered aircrafts right in time without any negligences,  The Indian Navy crew also satisfied about the P 8 I's performances, also they went for next batch of four more P 8 I in the current five year plan. the four new P 8 I costs nearly $1.5 billions include spare, support and ammunition packages, Navy also plans to buy another two batch of P 8 I Neptune from Boeing in Future.

Other Cleared Projects for the Navy

     The DAC also cleared the Navy's proposal of build four large survey vessel valued more than $400 millions, all those survey vessels will be build in Indian Shipyards with foreign assistance, this is the fourth time DAC clears the Survey vessel program of the Navy, it seems whether CCS or FM contentiously rejecting the DAC's proposal of the Navy's requirement.

    The Navy also suggested the DAC to pass the requirement of adding all small Navy ships into Navy's network centric system, which runs with dedicated satellite, who is recently commissioned and under operational, but it was connected with large Naval warships only, but can't integrated with small ships like interceptor Boats, High speed vessels and small other Navy assets, adding a special system in those small ship makes it work with the Navy's Network centric system, the deal valued nearly $ 10 millions.

   Navy also asks the DAC to clears another $6 million to install RFID chips in all Naval assets include land based bases and Naval ground vehicles and Surface ships, this allows the Navy to identify the exact information about the current status of the System in one click.

    The Navy operates Five Kora class corvette's, all armed with 16 number of Kh 35 Anti Shipping missiles, who uses the Radar guidance which is fitted in the Ship, uses the Russian made MR-352 Pozitiv-E (Cross Dome) for Surface and Air search for Possible incoming Targets and uses the Garpun-Bal and MR-123 radars for Fire control, while the Mid life upgrade of those Corvette's need modern Air Search and Fire control Radar,  the Navy asks the DAC to clears some $ 6 millions to replace those Radars into modern one.

   Navy also ask the DAC to clears Brahmos Training facility dedicated for Ship borne sailors to get trainings in such systems to ensure their battle skills more powerful, instead of wasting missiles as test firing for Training purposes, DAC clears nearly  $0.5 millions for Navy's Proposal of building land based Brahmos training facility.

     Another major Navy's proposal was Mid Life upgrade of Navy's front line destroyers  and Frigates, Recently Russia proposed a upgrade of Indian Naval ships who uses Arm launching Shtil system into Multiple launch VLS Shtil's , as Navy's many Ships using the vintage arm launching technique to launch the Interceptor missiles, Navy looks the bright option to upgrade the ships with multiple launching VLS Shtils,

    In first phase three Delhi class destroyers and six Talwar class frigates would be upgraded into multiple launch VLS Shtil systems, DAC Clears $500 millions to upgrade those Destroyers and frigates with new generation SAM launching system.

 

    But all these DAC Cleared proposals should be cleared by CCS and FM before going to make a contract with the Supplier or Builder.

For Air force

    for Air force Same saga Repeats, Air force gets only less value of Deals compared to the Navy, DAC Clears Air force proposal of Buying and integrating ACMI pods in Existing MiG 29 and Hawk fleets, the Air force uses the ACMI pod in the Su 30 MKI to study and Training Pilots into real combat situations with real aircrafts, Su 30 MKI uses the US made ACMI pod. a short note about ACMI pod from US Airforce website

The ACMI pods, which look similar to the typical air-to-air missile in dimensions, collect data as the aircraft negotiates training scenarios in the 67,000-square-mile Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex while participating in RED FLAG-Alaska. Back on the ground, the information is dissected and used to debrief the crew on what they did well and what they could improve on - education being the key.

   DAC clears Air force proposal of buying such ACMI- Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation system with $4 million price tag.

    DAC also clears Air force requirement of building a Ground based simulator based on the Upgraded Mirage 2000 interface. the deal values not given,  these are the two deals cleared for Air force.

For Army 

     The DAC clears army's proposal of replacing vintage Russian made Zu 23 and Swedish made L 70 AAA guns from Indian Army's air defense unit, the Army likely float a Tender under make in India category to buy modern advanced systems like Sky Sheild or Mantis C-RAM ( Counter Rocket Artillery Mortar )  systems, where Punj  Lloyd, TATA and L&T collaborating with foreign companies to build such systems in India, the deal estimated nearly $2.5 billions for some less than 500 units, those Guns comes with automatic fire control systems,and requires less crew to operate.

   Also a special unit of the Indian Amry gets a New generation ground based Electronic Warfare system, which is used to intercept and Jam enemy communications and  Radio frequency's. the deal valued nearly $4 millions.

    DAC also clears Army's requirement of buying some 14,000 units of multi-spectrum camouflage net, used to cover and Hide, moving Strategic targets like Radar, SAM batteries and Tanks from Enemy's reconnaissance planes and satellites. the Army already have similar systems in huge numbers it seems new nets or additional numbers of camouflage net , and the contract value is also unknown.

     DAC also clears to buy huge number of Modular Charge system used to supply Direct current to the Field Artillery and communication systems, which gives powers from Diesel Generator to the Artillery unit by using the Modular Charge system to control the Electricity flow. the deal valued nearly $10 millions.

    DAC also clears a deal to acquire micro lite UAV's from foreign manufacture to train the NCC cadets in surveillance field, depsite backdrop of failed indigenous effort.  the deal value unknown. 

TK-25E-5 integrated electronic warfare suite

TK-25E-5 Integrated Electronic Warfare Suite

 

TK 25 E System

Red Square Shows TK 25 in INS Teg F 45

      Every Ships have the Jamming System ( Electronic Counter Measure and Jamming Suites ) To Provide Additional Supports to the Ships. Which is also Known the First Line of Defence.Those can Jam any Kind of Radar Emitting Objects to move away from the Ship. This Kind of Electronic Jamming can be Fitted in All Kind of Large Surface Combatant Ships. From Mid Range Frigates (FFG) to Heavy Destroyers ( DDG).

       Here in Indian Navy Most of the New Generation Frigates use the  TK-25E-5. which is Originally designed in Russia .When India Agreed to Buy the Russian Talwar Class Frigates. the Accepted and Delivered The ship.

           But the Information about Ship based Electronic Jammer Device Information are not available in Public or Website. unless it can be revealed by Ex Sailors.They wrote Books and Interviews and Sometimes they said about the Jammer system. but revealing the Jammer Frequency is not a Good Idea. But I can provide some Information about the System. India Now Operates  six Talwar class Mulitrole Frigates. named 

 INS Talwar (F40), INS Trishul (F43), INS Tabar (F44), INS Teg (F45), INS Tarkash (F50), INS Trikand (F51)

         Their Main Jamming systems is the  TK-25E-5 Jammer. That can Jam any kinda Radar Emitting Objects, Basically Airborne and Shipborne Target Acquisition Radars, These Radars are used in all kind of Ships to Search and Track Enemy ships and Ready to Launch and Guide any Kind of Missiles, The Airborne Target Acquisition Radars means Anti Submarine Aircrafts Like P 3 , P 8 and Russian Tu 142, IL 38, These Radars also Track Ships, But here the TK-25E-5 Jammer do it's Jobs by feeding Fake Targets and Information's disrupting their Command and Control Center, further more the Jammer can Disable the Enemy Radars too, mostly they can able to jam Airborne Radars and Make it useless in Combat 

           Jamming the Weapon Control Radars, This is how you can Run a GTA 5 Game in old Pentium Computers, It's crash the Computer and Unable to Run The program, the Jammer can jam the frequency of the Radar and misguide their weapons. 

           Jamming the Anti Shipping Missiles, The Anti Shipping missiles follow the Guidance of a Radar beam who reflect the Ship and Feed into the Missile Computer and Missile analyze it and Follows the path. here too TK-25E-5 Jammer can Jam the Missiles Radar Frequency and inject fake frequency. So the Missile can hit a Decoy or a False Target or Dead  by Reaching the Maximum Distance. 

              Just like if our F 43 found a Bakistani Destroyer. First It can Jam It's Target Acquisition radar, Thus their Radar Malfunction even they don't know What Happening when the Visually see our F 43 they can try to Launch a Missile But their Weapon Control Radar Doesn't work Missiles Need Targets, for Targets they need to the Weapon Control Radar, at last they can Launch a Anti Shipping Missile by Manually Overriding before all failures how can the Missile Reach the Ship, The Missile send a Radar Signal into the Ship and Follows it. But the TK-25E-5 Jammer intercept it and Feed fake radar signal into the Bakistani Missile, Thus it can go for some Fake targets or It reaches it's max Range. So eventually we escaped without any marks.

Red Square Showing the System in Indian Frigate

 Here is some Technical Details of the Jammer, These are declassified Info's 

It can track more than 100 targets simultaneously and Engage Jamming to first Two  most lethal object,The Power of Jamming is upto some 80 kilo Watts. all other information's are Highly Classified.   

System in a Russian Kirvak Corvette