Indo US pact on Indian and Global security

 Indo US pact on Indian and Global security 

U.S. Secretary of Defense Dr. Ashton Carter is on an official visit to India at the invitation of Raksha Mantri Shri Manohar Parrikar from April 10-13, 2016. Raksha Mantri hosted Secretary Carter in Goa. They visited the Indian Naval Base in Karwar and the INS Vikramaditya aircraft carrier. They also visited the USS Blue Ridge which was conducting a port call in Goa during the Secretary’s visit. 

Secretary Carter then traveled to New Delhi for official talks with Raksha Mantri. He will also meet the National Security Advisor and the Prime Minister. The United States and India share a deep and abiding interest in global peace, prosperity, and stability. 

Bilateral Defence cooperation is a key component of the strategic partnership between India and the United States.Secretary Carter’s visit marked the fourth meeting between him and Raksha Mantri Parrikar within a year, demonstrating the regular Ministerial-level oversight of the robust and deepening bilateral Defence relationship.

During their meeting, Raksha Mantri Parrikar and Secretary Carter reviewed the important steps taken since the signing of the new Framework for the U.S.-India Defense Relationship last June to deepen bilateral defence ties. They discussed the priorities for the coming year in defence ties, as well as specific steps both sides will take to pursue those priorities. 

These included expanding collaboration under the Defence Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI); Make in India efforts of Government of India; new opportunities to deepen cooperation in maritime security and Maritime Domain Awareness; military-to-military relations; the knowledge partnership in the field of defence; and regional and international security matters of mutual interest.

Raksha Mantri Parrikar and Secretary Carter welcomed the efforts by the Indian and U.S. Armed Forces to further expand collaboration in the years to come. They welcomed plans across our Services for greater complexity in their military engagements and exercises, including developing plans for more advanced maritime exercises. 

Both sides acknowledged India's participation in the Rim-of-the-Pacific (RIMPAC) multilateral naval exercise in 2016 as well as participation by the Indian Air Force in the multilateral Red Flag exercise in April-May 2016 in Alaska and U.S. participation in the International Fleet Review of the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam in February 2016.

They expressed their desire to explore agreements which would facilitate further expansion of bilateral defence cooperation in practical ways. In this regard, they announced their in principle agreement to conclude a Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement, and to continue working toward other facilitating agreements to enhance military cooperation and technology transfer.

In support of the India-U.S. Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region and the maritime security objectives therein, both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in the area of maritime security. In this context, they reaffirmed their desire to expeditiously conclude a “white shipping” technical arrangement to improve data sharing on commercial shipping traffic.

 They agreed to commence Navy-to-Navy discussions on submarine safety and anti-submarine warfare. They also agreed to launch a bilateral Maritime Security Dialogue, co-chaired by officials at the Joint Secretary/Assistant Secretary-level of the Indian Ministries of Defence and External Affairs and the U.S. Departments of Defense and State.

Secretary Carter and Raksha Mantri Parrikar reaffirmed the importance of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region, including in the South China Sea. They vowed their support for a rules-based order and regional security architecture conducive to peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean, and emphasized their commitment to working together and with other nations to ensure the security and stability that have been beneficial to the Asia-Pacific for decades.

Raksha Mantri Parrikar and Secretary Carter reviewed the progress and reiterated their commitment to pursue co-development and co-production of advanced defence articles under the DTTI. In this context, they agreed to initiate two new DTTI pathfinder projects on Digital Helmet Mounted Displays and the Joint Biological Tactical Detection System. 

They commended the on-going discussions at the Jet Engine Technology Joint Working Group (JETJWG)and the Joint Working Group on Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation (JWGACTC). They agreed to work towards greater cooperation in the field of cutting-edge defence technologies, including deepening consultations on aircraft carrier design and operations, and jet engine technology. They noted the understanding reached to conclude an information exchange annex (IEA) to enhance data and information sharing specific to aircraft carriers.

With the aim of encouraging greater participation of U.S. Defence Industries in the Make In India program of the Government of India, Raksha Mantri Parrikar informed Secretary Carter about the recently announced Defence Procurement Policy and other reforms in the Indian defence sector. 

Both sides agreed to encourage their respective defence industries to develop new partnerships in the pursuit of a range of cutting-edge projects. In support of Make in India, the United States shared two proposals to bolster India's suite of fighter aircraft for consideration of the Government of India.

Secretary Carter and Raksha Mantri Parrikar welcomed the finalization of four government-to-government project agreements in the area of science and technology cooperation: Atmospheric Sciences for High Energy Lasers, Cognitive Tools for Target Detection, Small Intelligent Unmanned Aerial Systems, and Blast and Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury.

Before departing India, Secretary Carter will oversee a repatriation ceremony of U.S. World War II remains from India to the United States. Secretary Carter expressed his gratitude to Raksha Mantri Parrikar and the Government of India for their support in facilitating the recovery effort.

The Indian Government agreed to support America’s commitment to bringing its fallen personnel home and providing their families the fullest possible accounting, and looks forward to further humanitarian missions of this kind over the next few years to return the remains of these U.S. heroes to their families. 

Parrikar Statement on hosting US defense secretory

Ladies and gentlemen,

India and the United States are both strongly committed to a rule-based international order. We will continue to work together to maintain peace and stability and to maintain an enabling framework for progress and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific.

It is the convergence of our core democratic values and deeply shared interests that drives our relationship forward. Secretary Carter’s visit has elevated our strategic partnership to a higher level. I look forward to working together with him in the days ahead to implement the decisions that we have reached during this visit. 

- PIB  

India ready to sign defense treaties with USA

India ready to sign defense treaties with USA

India almost drafted out the proposed defense cooperation with USA. to help India in case of war with it's enemies like China and Pakistan. Agreements like communication, logistics support and information exchange will be signed during the Indian prime minister's visit to US in this month and follow on agreements will be signed during US defense secretary visit to India in April.

India looks the Tibetan issue and border disputes very seriously. The Tibetan issue alone united India and USA at that time. During the initial wave of attack, the Chinese over run Indian outpost in Aksai Shin, Kashmir and attacks eastern borders, The Nehru administration approached the US and England to help the Indian forces.

Both agreed to assist the Indian forces, US carried out more than twenty sorties of aid each day for the first twenty days during the first wave of offensive from China. US used American Boeing 707 to deliver small arms and ammunition from bases across Thailand and Philippines,  the air drop further assisted by USAF C 130 and DC 3 which delivered supply and ammunition close to the outposts.

During the initial days of the war, India didn't inform the post war briefings with the Americans nor any other allies, However once the supply routes are opened, US ambassador Galbraith and his official's are allowed to be join the post war briefings, the briefings are headed by PM Nehru and Defense minister Menon. after the American and English supply route, India plans to recapture the lost lands to the Chinese during the first wave of offensive.

The Indian counter attack also outnumbered by the Chinese, more than that Chinese moved close to Sikkim in east and Leh in north. this forces Nehru to ask more support from US and it's allies like Canada and Europe, Nehru wrote letter's to US and UK asking twelve squadron of fighter jets and two squadron of Bombers, along with US ground forces and modern radar's.

US Intelligence assessed that Indian counter attacks are foiled by Chinese, and sends a US Senator mission to India which is led by Harrison. Who will assist Indian counter attack, and also analyses what weapons should India needs, Once the Chinese identified the US mission India, they stopped the attack and moved from the captured lands in eastern borders, however holds the Aksai shin.

During that time India and US has only one common interest that's the Tibet. Nowadays both India and USA shares many relationship, signing the above said agreements with US allows US forces operates freely in India, also US assist Indian logistics supply, as once CAG reported about 20 days of war reserve will automatically roses into unlimited, with the help of LSA agreement.

LSA- Logistics and Support Agreement is one of the most needed agreement, which allows US and India mutually support each other during the war and peace times, by allowing shipment of weapon supply, allowing US forces to operate from Indian bases, providing assist to US forces in Indian sub continent, same like US also support Indian moves along Indian subcontinent and all over the world, either military or civil purpose. 

CISMOA- Communication Interoperability  and security memorandum of agreement, This allows both nation can exchange communication and intelligence details along with each other, India already signed a agreement on US for counter terrorism related communication and intelligence agreement after the 26/11, Which gives India get a chance to work together with the US and European intelligence. who having most number of credible intelligence about terrorism.

With the CISMOA India may get credible information from US and Pacific nations like South Korea and Japan regarding the Chinese theater.  The countries who working against China, holding more intelligence information than India.

BECA- Basic Exchange and Cooperation agreement, BECA allows India to buy and make military hardware's in India with transfer of technology. India already signed DTTI treaty with USA, the defense technology trade allows India and US work more closer on military hardware's. and BECA is a successor of DTTI. which also allows seamless communication between US and Indian military units.

Once the above said agreements are signed, It's clear if China tries to attack India, US will directly involves in the war, and work with Indians to defeat the Chinese, The Chinese growing threat in Ladakh region, Tawang, and Andaman coast is more concerned, Like how the Chinese destroyed Indian outposts in Aksai shin and captured the land from India.

 It's clear if China tries to attack India, It would hurt China more badly than ever. unlike what India planned in 1962, with a failed counter attack.

U.S.-India Joint Working Group for Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation holds first meeting

U.S.-India Joint Working Group for Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation holds first meeting

   In a sign of the deepening U.S.-India defense relationship, the United States Navy hosted a delegation of senior Indian naval officers for the inaugural Joint Working Group on Aircraft Carrier Cooperation on the U.S. eastern coast from 12-14 August.

   During a three-day visit, the Indian delegation, led by Vice Admiral S.P.S. Cheema, Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command, visited the U.S. Navy's state-of-the-art aircraft carrier, PCU Gerald Ford, currently under construction at Newport News Shipbuilding in Virginia, received briefs on U.S. Navy management of aircraft carrier programs, met with senior Pentagon officials, and toured the U.S. Navy's research and development facilities for aircraft carrier launch and recovery systems as a first step to exploring opportunities for cooperation.

   During the working group the U.S. and Indian navies held candid and open discussions on various aspects of aircraft carrier development, including design, integration, test, evaluation, management and oversight of carrier construction‎.

   The Joint Working Group on Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation, co-chaired by United States Navy's Program Executive Officer for Aircraft Carriers, RADM Tom Moore, and India's Controller for Warship Production and Acquisition, VADM G.S. Pabby, is part of the larger India-U.S. Defense Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI). The intent of DTTI is to reduce procedural obstacles in both the U.S. Government and Government of India defense establishments in order to facilitate broader cooperation in defense production as a component of the strategic partnership. The Indian Ministry of Defence identified aircraft carrier technology as one of the topics of interest to pursue under DTTI.

   Building on a highly successful first meeting, the working group is looking forward to setting a meeting agenda for the next working group to be held in India early next year.

EMALS- Electro Magnetic Aircraft Launcing System

EMALS (ELECTRO MAGNETIC AIRCRAFT LAUNCH SYSTEM)

 An Excellent Represenation of EMAL launch

EMAL is the USS Gerald R Ford Aircraft Carrier

      With the new government keen on developing the relationship of India with the global power USA has help forge several hundred deals. The governments have adopted the new motto --- "Chalein Saath Saath: Forward Together We Go". The governments have stressed on bilateral ties in trade, commerce, banking, industries and military systems.

      The US-India military forces and command believes in freedom, democracy, and government by rule of law, and to increase security trough out the globe. These interests also include maintaining security and stability, defeating violent religious extremism and terrorism, preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction and associated materials, data, and technologies, and protecting the free flow of commerce throughout the globe prospering every country.

         When the President of United States of America visited India many defence projects were cleared for co-produced. Defence Trade and Technology Initiative (DTTI) that was initiated in 2012, under which the US and India would work on co-development and co-manufacturing projects has been given renewed interest. Four "pathfinder projects" were identified during Obama's visit the four products to be co-produced are the Raven mini unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), "roll-on, roll-off" intelligence-gathering and reconnaissance modules for C-130J Super Hercules aircraft, mobile electric hybrid power sources, and chemical-biological warfare protection gear for soldiers.

A heavy E 2D Launch by EMAL , just a 50 mts enough

With US Navy unable to check the movement of Chinese ships has requested Indian Navy to join the efforts and has asked to stand out openly in the South China issue. Indian Navy has received substantially from the US counterpart. With India raring to be a ‘blue water’ force has been very keen on operating at least a “ three CBG (Carrier Battle Group) “ with one serving on the western and the other on the eastern water fronts. And another in docks for maintenance.  India has had experience with the CBG’s and has operated a two front CBG. The carriers operated by the Navy are of STOBAR (Short Take Off But Arrested Recovery) configuration. But with a STOBAR configuration launching heavier aircrafts could not be achieved. It is crucial to operate reconnaissance missions but this requires the ability to launch heavier aircrafts and this in turn requires using the CATOBAR (Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery). Under the IAC (Indigenous Aircraft Carrier) plans the IAC-I was configured with a STOBAR launch system and the IAC-II is being planned to be configured with the CATOBAR systems. With CATOBAR systems being very hard to maintain the Navy has went with the latest EMALS system to assist launching heavier aircrafts off the carriers.

The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is a system being developed by General Atomics for the United States Navy to be fitted on the newest Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers. This system would effectively replace the old steam propelled catapult aircraft launch system on the old carriers. EMALS is a highly sophisticated system that is being fitted out on the Gerald class carriers. The system has passed all initial tests and the first land based prototype passed testing by June 2010. The current steam catapults being used in the CATOBAR system require about 615 kg/ 1,350 pounds of steam for each aircraft launch, and this steam in return produced from the nuclear reactor. To propel the catapult forward huge amount of hydraulics and steam is essential. Generation of this steam is an extremely demanding procedure and requires high amount of purified water be piped through the nuclear reactor. This involves very high maintenance. EMALS being a electric driven launch system has many advantages and mainly is a system that requires extremely less maintenance.

The EMALS is based on generation and utilization of electric current rather than the old practice of using steam.  The whole system works on the principle of Electromagnetic induction. 

The Projectile is anything a Launch system or a Bullet too

The major components of EMALS are –

• Linear induction motor
• Energy storage subsystem
• Power conversion subsystem
• Control Consoles

Program status

Linear induction motor                                                                                                

    Linear Induction motor is a motor that is used to achieve rectilinear motion rather than the traditional circular motors that is generated using a common electric motor.  A linear electric motor typically consists of a flat magnetic core with transverse slots which are often cut straight and with coils laid into slots, each phase gives an alternating polarity and so that the different phases physically overlap each other. In an induction motor the force is produced by linearly moving magnetic field acting on conductors in the field. Any conductor be it a loop, a coil or simply a piece of plate metal, that is placed in this field will have eddy currents induced in it thus creating an opposing magnetic field, in accordance with Lenz's law.

   When energized, the motor accelerates the carriage down the track and the carriage in turn takes the aircraft along and propels it off the deck. With the charge being inducted into the motor only the section of the coils surrounding the carriage is energized. With only the coils being energised the reactive losses is minimised to a very great extent. With the LIM EMALS can accelerate an aircraft of around 45000 kgs to about 240 km/h.

Energy storage subsystem

        To propel the carriage at the speed required the induction motor requires very large amount of electric power. The current required to attain this speed required production of current which is actually more than the power that can be obtained from the ship's own power source. The EMALS is therefore put with a energy-storage subsystem which draws power from the ship’s main power source and stores the procured energy kinetically on rotors armed with four disk alternators. This energy is then stored and the alternators running and the process repeats till the need for an aircrafts launch is felt. When the systems are activated for the launch of an aircraft the system releases the stored energy in a very short period of time as against the time required for production of steam in the traditional stem propelled catapults. Each rotor can easily store more than 100 mega joules of energy. To reduce the time betweens launch of each aircraft it the system has been configured to be recharged within 45 seconds of a launch which is way faster than steam catapults.

Power conversion subsystem

       With the energy produced with the help of the linear induction motor the produced energy is stored in Energy storage subsystem. After the energy is stored it is crucial for the same energy to be released when a launch is required. The basic function of the power conversion subsystem is to release the stored energy in the energy storage subsystems during launch; this is brought about by using a cycloconverter. A cycloconverter is used to covert a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to another AC waveform of a lower frequency by synthesizing the output waveform from segments of the AC supply without an intermediate DC link. The cycloconverter provides a controlled rising frequency and voltage to the LIM, energizing only the small portion of stator coils that affect the launch carriage at any given moment.

Control consoles

      It is crucial for the EMALS to be controlled and monitored constantly and it is also crucial to maintain a constant voltage for the LIM and to look make sure the launch of the aircrafts will be a uninterrupted process. This whole process is brought about by control units which are responsible for control through closed loop structure. And this in turn allows the operators to maintain a constant tow force that reduces the stress on a aircrafts airframe to a large extent.

         The IAC-II is in advanced stage of planning and is rumoured to be propelled by nuclear fuel. Also the carrier is being rumoured to be around 65000 tonnes which makes the IAC-II the heaviest Indian build ship. The main focus of a CBG is to extend the reach of the countries forces. But India has never been in the global race for projecting a control regime environment. Even after the carrier is inducted it’s area of operation may only be around the IOR or the EEZ. If the CBG is charged with the safeguarding of EEZ then reconnaissance is going to be a important part of the CBG’s daily routine. This requires the launch of heavier aircrafts like the E-2D Hawk eye that is to be part of the carrier’s air wing. This means the navy has to opt for a CATOBAR configuration. But with the EMALS being a very newly introduced system it has to be seen if the Navy command goes with the EMALS or opts to the more proven ‘ steam propelled’ catapults to launch these aircrafts.

Article By Karthik Kakoor